Dental Case Study - MS Patient

 On Thursday, 8 June 2017  

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49 year old married female with multiple sclerosis. She is usually very open to discuss her disease as well as the impact the item has on her life. She practises yoga as well as relaxation therapy. A friend of hers mentioned in which MS was caused by mercury toxicity through dental amalgam fillings. Her chief complaints were sensitivity to hot, cold in her upper left lower right quadrant, bleeding gums, possible amalgam removal as well as dry mouth. Client used to see her dentist regularly for dental check ups although stopped all of a sudden. Her last dental visit was at a Dental Hygiene College 3 years ago. In 1976 She reported to have trigeminal neuralgia in which lasted about 2 months, as well as previous use of cigarettes as well as marijuana through (1974 to 1988). She also reported to have problems with urine leakage. She sees her physician as well as neurologist bi-annually. Her vital signs were within normal limits, she was hospitalized two times due to acute MS episodes one in 1978 as well as the additional in 1992. She reported taking medication to prevent the progression of MS, as well as gets injected every additional day with Betaseron 5mg as well as Copaxone 20mg; diazepam 1mg twice daily; ibuprofen 800mg three times a day as well as baclofen 10 mg four times a day. Dry mouth is usually a frequent side effect of these medications. Client is usually disabled she must use a walker to walk. Fatigue has affected her oral hygiene before bedtime so she often brushes only within the morning. This specific client lacks manual dexterity as well as coordination due to the numbness as well as pain in her hands. Her diets consist of fried foods as well as lots of soda.

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Clinical Assessment Data

On the first appointment the following things were completed. Extra as well as intraoral, periodontal hard tissue examination, a full mouth serious, intraoral photographs were taken as well as homecare practices were observed as well as discussed. Significant findings included the following.

Extraoral: Unilateral swelling on the right side of the face; bilateral firm masseter muscles; TMJ crepitation; occasional pain upon opening mouth within the morning as well as nocturnal bruxing.

Intraoral: Linea Alba bilateral 6mm on both sides; modest tori on the palate as well as decreased salivary flow. Moderate subgingival calculus with grayish extrinsic stains.

Periodontal: Generalized 2-6 mm probing depth as well as localized 5mm readings on the posterior interproximal areas; furcations located on 16,14,47,46. Bleeding upon probing on all posterior teeth.

Hard Tissue: Generalized slight attrition. Multi surface restorations on most posterior teeth.

Plaque Control Record: Plaque-free score 75%; Radiographs: Generalized bone loss 10 to 30% horizontal bone loss; localized slight vertical bone loss in posterior; visible calculus spicules; suspected caries on #15 under restoration.

Nutrition: Meal pattern consist of breakfast, snack, lunch, snack, dinner, snack. Calorie intake is usually inadequate. Food Groups consumed daily are mainly Meat as well as alternatives. Fat intake high. Centeng weight above healthy. Activity level low.

Social: Regardless of having MS client feels her overall health is usually not bad. The client has no insurance, to ensure in which's why she has been avoiding dental care although she is usually ready to make a lifestyle change. She incorporates a support system to aid her with transportation

Dental hygiene treatment care plan

1. Take vital signs at each appointment to ensure in which V/S are WNL

2. Update medical history for any possible contraindication to treatment.

3. Review her medication intake to determine any side effect in which might compromise the treatment.

4. Book the patient at morning appointments since morning appointments tempt to be less stressful to patients with neurological problems.

5. Ensure a quite as well as relaxant environment for the patient during the appointment.

6. Allow multiple brakes during the appointment to help relaxing her facial muscles as well as allow necessary frequent urination.

7. Minimize fatigue by complying with the patient daily regime as well as comfort during treatment (positioning the chair within the most comfortable position for the patient).

8. Monitor oral conditions in which are associated with client at every appointment as well as make referral if necessary, (to determine any intra extra oral adjustments in which might compromise treatment or patient health).

9. Use clorhexidine prior to treatment to reduce bacterial flora within the oral cavity.

10. Debridement of calculus as well as plaque by ultrasonic (One quadrant at the time) to reduce the scaling time. 1-2 appointments.

11. Debridement by hand scaling ( one quadrant at the time) to make sure in which all the calculus as well as dental plaque left after using ultrasonic is usually removed. 1-2 appointments

12. Selective polishing to selectively remove intristic stain. (Whiter teeth are associated with beauty as well as a healthier lifestyle)

13. Use fluoride rinse Neutral sodium 2% to help re mineralize clients teeth.

14. Take an impression on lower anteriors to fabricate a mouthguard in which will prevent further attrition on the lower anteriors due to buxism.

15. Referral to DDS for restoration due to clients request to replace old amalgam fillings with white restoration material

16. Diet counseling to boost salivary flow. ( during intra oral examination xerostomia was evident possibly through medication side effects)

17. Consider Local anesthetic ( Lidocaine 2% in case Topical anesthetic 2% is usually not enough in creating client comfortable during the appointment.

OSC planning

1. Prescribe antisensitivity toothpaste to eliminate sensitivity to hot as well as cold.

2. Suggest increasing of H2o consumption to boost salivary flow within the oral cavity.

3. Client will be educated within the relationship in which MS has on her oral cavity to boost her cognitive knowledge towards OSC (for example bruxism, subluxation, crepitation, xerostomia).

4. Discuss the relation between MS patients as well as the high risk of caries activity.

5. Demonstrate floss as well as brushing aids to the client. ( proxy brush, floss aid, modified brush handles.) to improve patients OSC skills.

6. Use disclosing agent to show to the client the problematic areas in which are missed during at home oral self care. This specific will increase the awareness of the client to the present oral situation.

7. Suggest powered toothbrush to boost the brushing time due to clients compromised plaque removal skills.

8. Suggest different modifications to the OSC aids in which client will feel comfortable with, to boost comfort in grasping oral aid handles

9. suggest water pick to allow a certain degree of independence in cleaning interproximal areas through plaque.

10. Suggest different physical activities ( like yoga) to improve the dexterity in which will help client with self oral care.

Multiple Sclerosis as well as Dental Hygienist

Treating patients with MS provides dental hygienists with many opportunities to learn. The multiple links between oral conditions as well as MS symptoms enable dental hygienists to fulfill their roles as primary holistic health care providers. MS is usually the most prevalent demyelinating disease of the CNS, as well as the third leading cause of neurological disability within the United States. For patients presenting with MS, the dental hygienist can contribute by promoting both physical as well as oral comfort. Appointments in which accommodate special physical needs as well as treatment plans in which offer meaningful health promotion as well as disease prevention plans are ways to foster MS patient compliance. Current knowledge about MS symptoms, etiology, physical limitations, treatments, as well as CAM will aid the dental hygienist in providing optimal care.

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